Our
story begins on a cold, gray morning in March 2000. A Liberian oil tanker loaded with
Arabian crude slides through the coastal waters south of Long
Island, NY. Inside its hold, resting on the surface of
its inner oily sea, are two very special carbon atoms, Carlos
and Carla, the hero and heroine of this story. Their
voyage across the Atlantic Ocean had not been especially pleasant. They
had slopped around in a dark, smelly hold for over three weeks,
the seas had been rough, and there was nothing to do but wait.
"This isn't the greatest way to start our
adventure," Carla complained. "It's not that I
don't appreciate escaping from that bottomless pit in Saudi Arabia
after millions of years, but the constant throb of those engines
is really getting on my nerves."
Her
mate, Carlos, bonded to Carla for as long as he could remember,
did his best to reassure her. "We're
almost there," he replied. Did you hear that slight
change in tone of the engines just now? I'll bet we're approaching
our destination. Maybe we're coming to the United States
of America!"
"Oh Carlos, you're such an optimistic dreamer! But
what would I do without you? I don't get any sympathy from
Caruso over there." She was referring to the carbon
atom attached to her opposite side.
Carlos
was rather glad of this. He liked
having Carla all to himself. He was the terminal atom in
their long hydrocarbon chain, so Carla was the only other carbon
atom nearby. Of course, nobody paid any attention to those
mindless hydrogen atoms buzzing around. There was also a
special attraction about Carla. She had incredible intuition,
and she often revealed remarkably deep insight. As Carlos
thought about this, he asked her if she had any premonitions about
their new adventure.
"Oh, I do worry a lot, Carlos. Even
with my limited knowledge of chemistry, I know that some dreadful
things could happen to us. But I also know that I'll recover,
and ultimately I'll be happy, as long as I can be close to you."
Suddenly
they both heard it. There was a
distinct lowering in the noise level from the engines. The
rolling motion of the ship was less noticeable now. They
were probably entering some harbor. Perhaps it was New York? Carlos
and Carla hugged each other with delight. They were giddy
with happiness at the prospect of their big adventure together. For
the moment, premonitions of possible misadventures ahead were forgotten.
At that moment their ship slid quietly underneath
the Verrazano Narrows bridge. It passed Staten Island to port,
and slowly approached the dock at the Jersey City Terminal, within
sight of the Statue of Liberty.
* * *
They
were awakened from their slumber by a loud noise on the deck
above. A hatch was opened, and photons
of light passed by them, bouncing from atom to atom. A large
tube entered the hatch and plunged to the bottom of the hold. After
a few minutes they heard a shout and then the throb of a pump. Slowly,
very slowly, the level of petroleum in the hold began to fall.
Now
Carla began to worry. "Carlos,
can you tell me what's going to happen to us?"
Carlos
loved to show off his knowledge of chemistry, so he answered
in a roundabout way. "Well," he began, "most
of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are long chains of 15 to 18 carbon
atoms, and our molecule has 16 atoms, so we'll just stay with our
cousins near the surface of this thick brew for several more hours
until we're siphoned out of here."
"But where will we go from here?" Carla
persisted.
"I expect we'll be stored in a large tank
somewhere, until they need us." Carlos was deliberately vague. He
knew they would be refined, probably into high-octane gasoline,
stored again, and eventually burned in some internal combustion
engine, and he didn't want Carla to worry about their future together.
Even Carlos worried that he might lose her in the process, so he
changed the subject. "Carla, where would you most like to
travel as we cycle through different carbon-containing molecules?"
Not
catching her mate's ruse at first, Carla launched into a wishful
daydream. "Funny that you should ask," she
replied. "Let's assume that your hunch is right, that
we really are in USA. My anwer's simple" I'd
like to see it all. I'm so tired of being stuck underground as
oil for millions of years, I'll be happy to hang out in America
in just about any life form." Then she realized what
Carlos had done, so she demanded, "But you've been trying
to distract me, haven't you?"
"Well," Carlos replied, "I'm
genuinely interested in your views, but yes, I did want to change
the subject."
"Why?"
"Because
I don't know our future beyond the generalities I gave you.
Besides, sometimes
it's best not to know."
* * *
It
was difficult to tell when it started, because it had such
an incidious beginning. They felt themselves
being drawn closer to the tip of the tube near the bottom of the
hold. They entered a vortex of slowly swirling oil around
the entrance of the siphon, and then they were drawn up through
its orifice.
"Carlos, I"m
getting dizzy, going around and around like this!"
"Not to worry, Carla. We're protected by
other molecules all around us, for they are lubricating our way. Just
lie back and enjoy the ride. Believe me, this will be a piece
of cake!"
Soon
they were sliding through a long pipe. The
throbbing sound of the pump grew louder as they entered its chamber.
Huge blades whirled past them and pushed them violently against
their neighbors. Finally they were poured into a vast storage
tank.
* * *
A
month passed. Life in a New Jersey storage
tank was getting boring, almost as dull as it had been back in
Saudi Arabia. One day Carla asked, "When are we going
to get out of here, Carlos?"
"Pretty soon now," Carlos
replied.
"Are
you sure, or are you just trying to reassure me?"
"Oh I'm sure alright." Carlos
continued, "Have you noticed the increase in pressure from
the accumulation of oil that has been pouring on top of us every
few days this month?"
"Yes,
I suppose you're right. I do feel more pressure than a month
ago."
"Well,
they must be drawing us down to the bottom of the tank to make
room for all the oil
they've been pouring
on top of us. We'll be piped out of a tap down here pretty soon."
Sure
enough, a few hours later, just as they were starting to doze
off, they heard a valve open
and felt themselves
slide into action again. Before long they entered a vast
chamber that was much warmer than their storage tank had been.
Molecules around them began to slide more rapidly around one another
as they got warmer and warmer.
"Ummm,
I love this
heat," Carla
crooned. "How long is this going to last?"
"Only
as long as it takes to break one of the bonds in our hydrocarbon
chain, so enjoy
it while you can."
"Oh
my goodness, hang on tight, Carlos! I don't want to lose my
bond with you."
"How sweet you are," Carlos replied
joyfully, "but you needn't worry very much this time. We're
inside a 'craking tower', where the temperature is very carefully
controlled. Since you and I are at one end of our molecule,
the bond between us isn't as likely to be broken and one near the
middle."
As
the temperature climbed slowly but relentlessly higher, they
suddenly felt lighter and moved
about more freely. They
had become part of a molecule half their original size, called
octane. Their other half drifted away, but Carla and Carlos
remained together as they were siphoned off from the cracking tower
into a different storage tank.
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